PCTel AC97 AMR Chipset - Software hosted modem for use in systems that have Audio Modem Riser (AMR) 2.1-compatible slot on motherboard. This product is discontinued and has been replaced with the PCT2303 AC-Link Chipset which supports V.92. Then just load the drivers with the commands. Bash$ insmod pctel. Bash$ insmod ptserial (these too, like in the case of the pctel-0.9.6 drivers, can be issued from any directory as the insmod program will automatically find the drivers pctel.o and ptserial.o in /lib/modules/`your kernel version`/misc/ ). This will help if you installed an incorrect or mismatched driver. Problems can arise when your hardware device is too old or not supported any longer. Pcchips Motherboards Pcchips A31G(V1.1) PCtel AMR/CNR Modem driver Pcchips A31G(V1.1) Motherboard PCtel.
<j.stifter_NO_SPAM_@medres.ch>Revision HistoryRevision 2.5.102002-12-04Added new FAQ entry, and other minor clean ups.Revision 2.5.9November 11th 2002Added new driver info, made corrections and clarifications in the GCC 3 FAQ .Revision 2.5.8November 10th 2002Added information on GCC 3, fixed typos, and other minor corrections.Revision 2.5.6September 21st 2002Changes in the FAQ section based on reader suggestions, and general error cleanups.Revision 2.5.5August 17th 2002Made changes in driver section, and other additionsRevision 2.5.1July 20th 2002Made changes in driver section, and misc. additionsRevision 2.50June 6th 2002Made changes in the drivers and FAQ section, added the database info, other correctionsRevision 2.00March 30th 2002Made changes in the drivers section, other correctionsRevision 1.10December 4th 2001Cleaning up of sgml by Greg Ferguson, Relicensed under the GFDL, minor correctionsRevision 1.00November 26th 2001First ReleaseThe purpose of this document is to guide you to makeyour PCTel HSP MicroModem work in GNU/Linux.
- Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Copyright Information
- 1.2. Disclaimer
- 1.3. New Versions
- 1.4. Credits
- 1.5. Feedback
- 1.6. Translations
- 1.7. Conventions used in this document
- 2. Purpose of the mini-HOWTO
- 3. Where to get the drivers
- 4. Choosing a suitable driver
- 5. Compiling and installing the drivers
- 5.1. Installing the 2.2x drivers.
- 5.2. Installing the pctel-0.9.6 driver
- 5.3. Installing the pctel-0.8.6 driver
- 6. Testing the drivers
- 7. A few other points that must be noted.
- 7.1. The unofficial PCTel winmodem-Linux compatibility database.
- 7.2. Loading the modules at automatically
- 7.3. Country codes
- 7.4. Other options while loading the modules.
- 7.5. The sequence of loading/unloading the modules.
- 7.6. Bugs in the pctel-0.9.6 and the 0.8.6 versions.
- 7.7. Directory of the kernel source files
- 7.8. PnP BIOS issues
- 7.9. AMR modems
- 7.10. Possible conflict with sound modules
- 8. FAQ/Troubleshooting
- 8.1. Compiling Problems
- 8.2. Problems while loading the modules.
- 8.3. General modem based problems.
- 8.4. I have a problem that is not listed in this section. What do I do?
- 9. Appendix
- 9.1. A sample script file to load the modules.
- 9.2. Web Resources
- 9.3. Other drivers that are available
- 9.4. Identifying the chip set of the modem
- 9.5. Helping the author
- 9.6. GNU Free Documentation License
Copyright © 2002-2003 Sayamindu Dasgupta, Jan Stifter. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections , with no Front-Cover Texts , and with no Back-Cover Texts . A copy of the license is included in the section entitled 'GNU Free Documentation License'.
1.2. DisclaimerThe methods described in this document might damage your data or your PC or both. The authors will not be responsible for any damage that might arise out of the use of this document. Use this document ENTIRELY at your own risk.
All copyrights are held by their respective owners, unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.
You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system before major installation and backups at regular intervals.
1.3. New VersionsThe latest version of this mini-HOWTO will always be made available in my homepage (many thanks to Peaceful Action for hosting my homepage) in a variety of formats:
HTML.
plain text.
PDF.
RTF.
compressed html (multiple pages format).
SGML source.
I am extremely grateful to the howtos[NO_SPAM]@frodo.hserus.net list members for their support, especially to USM Bish.
The members of the discuss@linmodems.org list have been very helpful too, specially in the initial phase of the howto-writing.I am also extremely grateful to Phil Richard Burchill, Rajesh Fowkar, KV Pham, Bram Vonk, Derek Cordeiro, Steven Sangster and Andrew Kar (akar) for their valuable suggestions and corrections.
The sgml-stuff has been done with the help of the template written by Stein Gjoen, Gregory Leblanc and Greg Ferguson.I am also indebted to Greg Ferguson for cleaning up the mess I had made with Docbook :-).
1.5. FeedbackIf you have any comments, criticisms, ideas, additions, corrections, then please do mail them to
Please do not mail me with your problems. You will NOT get any answer. For answers ask atdiscuss@linmodems.org.
1.6. TranslationsPortuguese Translation by Rafael Cardoso
We have used a number of special formatting to indicate warning messages, commands, filenames, computer outputs etc.
NOTE
CAUTION
INFO
WARNING
The purpose of this document is to guide you to make your PCTel HSP MicroModem work in GNU/Linux.
First let me explain what is so 'special' about these PCTel modems that made me write this guide.These modems fall in a special class of hardware, specifically made for M$-Windows systems, and have devicedrivers which are specific for M$-Windows ...These modems are also called 'Winmodems' and areone of the most troublesome pieces of hardwares for GNU/Linux. Most of the winmodems do not workwith GNU/Linux (the manufacturers use patented technologies and so drivers for these modems cannot bedeveloped as Open Source). For a few of these winmodems, drivers have been developed
The PCTelmodems belong to this category and fall under linmodems.
Please do note that PCTel provides proprietary drivers, and in the free world of GNU/Linux, proprietary driversare not the solution. These drivers can turn out to be a great threat as the Free Software Movement evolves and matures. So, at the very beginning, please consider whether you want to surrender your 'freedom' to PCTel, orwhether you want to go out and buy a new modem which has a GPL'ed driver. I understand, that for many, buyinga new modem is not possible, and hence, this doc exists. But whatever you do, please do send a mail toMr. Jack Seller of PCTel's Public Relation department at this address asking PCTel to release the source code of their drivers.
Remember that when you are using proprietary drivers, you are giving up your freedom.
Though I am referring PCTel modems here, actually PCTel only manufactures the chips for these modems, so if youhave say, XXX modem and you get a
when you issue the
Now let me come to the next obvious question, that is; Where are the drivers??
Well, if you are impatient, and if you have a 2.4x series kernel then go to
http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/pctel-linux/, and if youare stuck with the older 2.2.x kernels, go to http://modems.dewback.cl (the exact link forthe file it self is http://modems.dewback.cl/pctel-2.2.tar.gz )
But there are a number of drivers in both the sites, and you will definitely feel confused..so read on.
The driver version that you will have to use depends on the kernel version you have. To know your kernel version, you willhave to issue the command
If you see something like 2.2.x, go to http://modems.dewback.cl and downloadthe pctel 2.2x drivers from the PCTel section of that site.
If you see something like 2.4x, go to http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/pctel-linux/and download the pctel 0.9.6 (pctel-0.9.6.tar.gz) drivers from that site.
Also note that only the pctel 0.9.6 drivers have support for the new AMR modems.
The first requisite for installation is that you have a kernel source in
While doing these make sure that you have the source for your running kernel...for example, ifyou are running kernel 2.4.8 and if you have the source for kernel 2.4.9 in
Moreover, you must configure the kernel with isapnp and pnp support and see to the fact that youdon't have a smp/uniprocessor mismatch ( that is, running uniprocessor kernel but having a kernelsource with smp support in /usr/src/linux). Also, you will need a kernelwhich supports loadable modules.
And of course, you need to have gcc installed, check it by issuing the command
If you have gcc version 3 or above , and have problems during compiling, please refer to this section in the FAQ.
5.1. Installing the 2.2x drivers.Login as root.
Make sure that you have a 2.2.x kernel with the command
Check whether the downloaded files are in your current directory with the
command.Then unpack the downloaded files with the command
Once you have unpacked, you will be left with a
Move into that directory with the command
There is an (
Make this script executable with the command
Then, just run the script
You will see a number of messages fly by as the appropriate device files/nodes are made in the /dev/directory, the driver files are unpacked and then compiled and loaded into the memory.
Once the process is complete without any error messages (if you get any errors, proceed to theTroubleshooting section), you will find that a new directory called
If you move into the
and do a
These are the two modules that are to be loaded to make the modem work.
To load the modules, you will have to issue the commands
from the
(The install.sh script automatically does this, so you don't need to do the insmod part after runningthe script, but once you reboot, you will have to load the modules by
Make sure that you have kernel 2.4.0 or greater by the command
Unpack the downloaded files with the commands
Now you will have a pctel-0.9.6 directory
cd into that with the command
Now comes the complicated part.
To proceed further you will have to know what chip set your modem has.See section 9.4 for more information on this.
Once you have got the name of the chip set, just type one of the following commands (depending on the chip set)
If you have a PCT 789 chip set,
If you have a CM8738 chip set,
If you have a chip set integrated with an i8** chip set based box,
If you have a chip set integrated with an VIA 686a chip set based motherboard ,
The configure script will run and a number of messages will fly past.Check for any error messages that may fly past.When you have the prompt again, (and if you have not got any errors),compile the drivers with the command
Then if you do not get any error messages , install the drivers with the command
(You will have to be logged in as root for performing the last step)
Then just load the drivers with the commands
NOTE: These commands can be issued from any directory as the
NOTE: If you get a message that says
However, if you have an AMR modem, then you will have touse the 0.9.6 drivers.
5.3. Installing the pctel-0.8.6 driverUse this driver only if you experience problems with the pctel-0.9.6 drivers
Make sure that you have kernel 2.4.0 or greater by the command
Unpack the downloaded files with the commands
Now you will have a pctel-0.8.6 directory
cd into that with the command
Now comes the complicated part.
To proceed further you will have to know what chip set your modem has.See section 9.4 for more information on this.
Once you have got the name of the chip set, just type one of the following commands (depending on the chip set)
If you have a PCT 789 chip set,
If you have a CM8738 chip set,
If you have a chip set integrated with an Intel 810 chip set based motherboard from Intel,
If you have a chip set integrated with an Intel 810 chip set based motherboard from SIS,
If you have a chip set integrated with an VIA 686a chip set based motherboard ,
The configure script will run and a number of messages will fly past.Check for any error messages that may fly past.When you have the prompt again, (and if you have not got any errors),compile the drivers with the command
Then if you do not get any error messages, install the drivers with the command
(You will have to be logged in as root for performing the last step)
Then just load the drivers with the commands
(these too, like in the case of the pctel-0.9.6 drivers, can be issued from any directory as the
There is only one way to check whether the drivers are working or not. You will have to see if yourmodem is recognized or not. The driver makes a node for your modem at
in a shell prompt or in a terminal emulator window.If everything is all right, you will see a Initializing modem message for a few seconds and then ascreen with a blinking cursor.Just type in
Here are a few more points you might find to be of interest/useful.
7.1. The unofficial PCTel winmodem-Linux compatibility database.There has been a lot of confusion over the --with-hal option which has to be used with the configure script, and for that, I coded a MySQL-PHP driven database thattakes in information from the modem owners, so that newbies can browse and search the database, and find their modems' chipsets. If you have a PCTel modem, then please do submit your modem informationat http://pctelcompdb.sourceforge.net.
7.2. Loading the modules at automaticallyWell, if you have the pctel.o and ptserial.o files in
Run
after modifying your
In this case, running ppp would automatically load these modules.You can also write up some shell-script and put them in your
The
(where x is the country code you want)The list of country codes with the corresponding country names is listed below.
Table 1. Country Codes
Country Name country_code USA1France2Germany3Italy4Sweden5UK6Japan 7Australia8Spain9Taiwan10Singapore11Korea12Switzerland13Norway14Netherlands15Belgium16Canada17Ireland18Portugal19Polan20Hungary21Finland22Denmark 23Austria24South Africa25CTR21 Countries26China27Malaysia28Luxumburg29Greece30Iceland31New Zealand32Brazil337.4. Other options while loading the modules.The other options that you may want to use while loading ptserial.o are:
For all HALs :
- irq: Force to using irq #.
- iobase: Force to use iobase for modem detection.
Only for I810/VAI686A HALs:
- iobase1: Force the iobase 1
NOTE: if you want to set iobase or iobase1, you should use irq/iobase/iobase1 at same time.
Only for CM8738/PCT789 HALs:
- vendor_id: vendor ID of the modem
- device_id: device ID of the modem.
NOTE: vendor_id and device_id should be used at the same time,but you cannot combinate this two options withiobase, iobase prevail to (vendor/device)_id detection.
7.5. The sequence of loading/unloading the modules.When you load the modules, you must load the
and then the
While unloading, the sequence is reversed,
There is a serious bug in the drivers for the kernel 2.4x The modem often seems to stop working/hang while dialing out, and you get nothing but abeeeeeeeeee... sound from the modem speaker and later, the dialer gives a message
This problem has no real workaround , but sometimes unloading and reloading of the modules work. For that the commandswill be (assuming that you have the modules in
You must exit from your dialer before trying to unload the drivers, otherwise you will get a
When the problems become too acute, the only solution seems to be rebooting.
It has been also noticed that sometimes, this problem is ISP dependent, with the problem surfacing when using a particularISP.
7.7. Directory of the kernel source filesIf you get an error saying
If you find that the files are somewhere else, say in the directory,
In case of the PCTel-0.8.6 or newer drivers you can also specify the location of your kernel source by using the option
during running the
As most computers are designed for M$-Windows operating systems, the BIOS of the computer assumes that you have a what it calls a 'PnP OS installed'.This may cause trouble with these types of modems in GNU/Linux (specially if you have resource conflicts) and so the best bet is to change the option 'PnP OS installed' to 'No'. To do these, you have to perform the following steps:
During startup, when you see 'Memory Test' messages, CPU information, BIOS information, just press the
You will be presented with the BIOS configuration menu. Enter the 'PNP/PCI Configuration' section and set the option for 'PNP OS Installed' to 'NO'. Save the changes you have made, and then reboot.
This is not applicable to all BIOSs, and you are advised to consult your PC documentation if you have a different kind of BIOS configuration menu.
7.9. AMR modemsThere are certain PCTel chip set based internal modems that go into AMR slots instead of the normal PCI slots. They areusually identified as
Recently, there were some posts in the discuss@linmodems.org list that the PCTel modules worked only after the sound moduleswere unloaded with the
Here is a set of common problems that you may face, along with their possible solutions.
8.1. Compiling Problems- 8.1.1. I get a
- 8.1.2. I get a
- 8.1.3. I get a
- 8.1.4. I have gcc 3 and while compiling, I get an error which goes like this
- 8.1.5. I have RedHat 8.0/Mandrake 9.0, and I am having troubles compiling the drivers.
8.1.1. I get a
If this occurs, you will have to patch your configure script. Download the file
I am supposing that you are in the pctel-0.9.6 directory, and the
8.1.2. I get a
You need to have your kernel source installed under
If you have the kernel source installed somewhere else, just make the appropriate symlink. (see section 7.7 for more information)If you have that installed under
in
8.1.3. I get a
You need to be logged in as root while doing
8.1.4. I have gcc 3 and while compiling, I get an error which goes like this
This should not happen anymore since the pctel-0.9.6 driver was released to address this issue. However, if youstill face such a problem, (with an older driver or something like that), you will have to edit the file
and change that to
....and then recompile.
If you cannot find the file
Alternatively, you may also try out the pre-compiled (distro specific) drivers at http://www.geocities.com/jcmp3/. Just note that I have not personallytested out these drivers, and I don't know much about them.
8.1.5. I have RedHat 8.0/Mandrake 9.0, and I am having troubles compiling the drivers.
See the answer to the previous question (8.1.4).
8.2. Problems while loading the modules.- 8.2.1. I get
- 8.2.2. I get an
- 8.2.3. I get a
- 8.2.4. I get a
8.2.1. I get
Firstly, check that you are loading
If that does not solve the problem, then probably you have compiled your modules for the wrong kernel version. Check your kernel versionwith the command
and then verify if you have the right files in
Moreover, if you have a running kernel for a uniprocessor machine and have kernel source in
Another way to get rid of the unresolved symbols problem is to use the fixscript package fromhttp://linmodems.technion.ac.il/pctel-linux/fixscript.gz
The procedure is to:
Unpack the downloaded file with
Make it executable with
Run it with
This will create the new module, which you can try to loadwith
If fixscript reports an error like
then, fixscript can not help you.
The best method is of course, to fix your kernel source and recompile the drivers.
Drivers Pctel Motherboards Wireless
Make sure that you do a
before recompiling.
8.2.2. I get an
You will have to be logged in as root to load the drivers, otherwise, you can also type in the
command and then load the drivers.
8.2.3. I get a
This message is just to inform you that you are loading a proprietary module which is not supportedby the Linux kernel developers. It also serves as a warning that the drivers have not been officiallytested with the kernel, and may cause problems, and tells you that you should not send bug reports to the kernel developers if you face system instability or any other problems after loading these proprietary drivers.
Just remember that this is not a error message - it just informs you thatyou are using an unsupported module.
8.2.4. I get a
Try to load the modules with the commands with
Just remember that this is not a very nice hack.
8.3. General modem based problems.- 8.3.1. I get a
- 8.3.2. My dialer gives a
- 8.3.3. I get a
- 8.3.4. I get a
8.3.1. I get a
First of all, check if you really have the drivers loaded. You can do this by the command
This command lists all the modules that you have loaded, and if you see something like
then, the modules are correctly loaded.
If not, just load them and retry.
Also check whether the file /dev/modem is symlinked to /dev/ttyS15
Remember, even if msdos or Microsoft Windows tells you that the modem is in com 3 or com 4, in GNU/Linux the driver makes it appear in/dev/ttyS15 (the Microsoft equivalent of which will be com 16!!)
Drivers Pctel Motherboards Reviews
If you are in doubt, I suggest that you re-create the device files by the commands
NOTE: the numbers after /devttyS15 are distribution specific, and the c 62 79 works for Red HatLinux and derivatives. If you have any other distribution, please check your documentations.
8.3.2. My dialer gives a
This is a bug with the drivers for the kernel 2.4x series
Refer to section 7.6 for more information.
8.3.3. I get a
This is usually solved by adding
8.3.4. I get a
First of all, check if the drivers are loaded or not and then see, if any program is using the modem.If everything seems to be all right, try to find out the irq of your modem with the command
If the irq listed is obviously incorrect (like 0) (or does not tally with your M$-Windows configuration) then either use the
or fiddle with the BIOS settings (see section 7.8)
Another possibilty may be that your sound modules are conflicting with the PCTel modules. Refer to section 7.10 for this.
8.4. I have a problem that is not listed in this section. What do I do?The output of the command
will give you a lot of information if anything goes wrongThe normal output should be something like this
Mail the output you get to the
You can save this file as
Now, whenever you type in the command
There are a number of websites, mailing lists that may help you while you try to configure your modem.
9.2.1. Web sitesThe unofficial pctel linux driver site at http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/pctel-linux/
The unofficial PCTel modem-Linux compatibility database at http://pctelcompdb.sourceforge.net.
The linmodem site (the mother page of all linmodem projets) at http://www.linmodems.org
A huge lists of lin/winmodems at http://www.idir.net/~gromitkc/winmodem.html
A list of AT commands from PCTel at http://www.pctel.com/atcommands_dev.htm
For latest information related to linmodems, visit http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/.
The linmodem-howto is available at http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Linmodem-HOWTO.html.
9.2.2. Mailing listsThe most important mailing list for linmodems is
You can subscribe to that list by going to
http://www.linmodems.org or by sending a blank e-mail to
I have seen a number of modem manufacturers (Dax, Zoltrix, Lectron, Tiacom etc) providing linux drivers for their modems that have PCTel chip sets.
Actually most (if not all) of these drivers are slightly modified form of the drivers at Jan's and the modems.dewback.clsite, and so, in most cases, there is no point in downloading them.
However, you may try out the pre-compiled (distro specific) drivers athttp://www.geocities.com/jcmp3/. Just note that I have not personallytested out these drivers, and I don't know much about them.
Moreover, in the early days of 2.4x kernels, Thomas Wright had made a PCTel driver and you can find it in his website at http://www.geocities.com/tom_in_rc/.
9.4. Identifying the chip set of the modemWell, the best way to identify the chip set of your modem is to open up the cabinet of the machine.,gently pull out the modem from it's slot (only if it is not integrated into your motherboard), and see the name printed on the black chip on the modem. (be very very careful while doing these, and make sure that all power supplies to the system is disconnected, and touch the ground/a metallic surface before handling any of the circuitry/wires in the machine). But sometimes, this is not possible and so you will have to adopt other methods.
The next best method is to run the command
This command will give you the numeric PCI id of your modem (you may have to run
The unofficial PCTel modem-Linux compatibility database at http://pctelcompdb.sourceforge.net.might also be of some help in this case
If you do not get the name, you can go through the database at http://www.idir.net/~gromitkc/winmodem.html#drivers and search for an entry on your modem.
You can also ask at the local LUGs or ask your friends or even (a bad way, no doubt), ask the support personnel of your modem manufacturer.
9.5. Helping the authorIf you have liked the miniHOWTO, or if you have benefitted from the contents, then please do considerlinking my project site Peaceful Action (http://www.peacefulaction.org) from your homepage, or whatever site you may be the webmaster of.See this page for more information.
You may also consider telling your friends about Peaceful Action . To recommend Peaceful Action to a friend, pleasedo visit this page.
9.6. GNU Free Documentation LicenseVersion 1.1, March 2000
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USAEveryone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copiesof this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLEThe purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document 'free' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
This License is a kind of 'copyleft', which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONSThis License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. The 'Document', below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as 'you'.
A 'Modified Version' of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.
A 'Secondary Section' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
The 'Invariant Sections' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
The 'Cover Texts' are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
A 'Transparent' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is not 'Transparent' is called 'Opaque'.
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
The 'Title Page' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, 'Title Page' means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
2. VERBATIM COPYINGYou may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
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INTEL ICH2 PCTEL AMR MODEM DRIVER DETAILS: | |
| Type: | Driver |
| File Name: | intel_ich2_3216.zip |
| File Size: | 4.0 MB |
| Rating: | 4.96 |
| Downloads: | 108 |
| Supported systems: | Windows All |
| Price: | Free* (*Free Registration Required) |
INTEL ICH2 PCTEL AMR MODEM DRIVER (intel_ich2_3216.zip) | |
Elitegroup P4IBASD V3.0 Motherboard Drivers, Manuals.
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